Ruling and Etiquette of Trade and Business in Islam according to the Quran and Sunnah

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π‘Ήπ’–π’π’Šπ’π’ˆ 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒆 π’‚π’„π’„π’π’“π’…π’Šπ’π’ˆ 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑸𝒖𝒓’𝒂𝒏 & 𝑺𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒂𝒉


𝑾𝒉𝒆𝒏 π’…π’π’Šπ’π’ˆ 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒆/π’ƒπ’–π’”π’Šπ’π’†π’”π’”, π’˜π’† 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅 π’Žπ’‚π’Šπ’π’•π’‚π’Šπ’ π’Šπ’π’•π’†π’ˆπ’“π’Šπ’•π’š & π’Žπ’‚π’Œπ’† 𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 π’˜π’† 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 π’Šπ’•π’†π’Žπ’” 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 π’˜π’† π’”π’•π’π’„π’Œ 𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒍, π’Šπ’ 𝒐𝒖𝒓 π’‘π’π’”π’”π’†π’”π’”π’Šπ’π’. π‘»π’‰π’Šπ’” π’Šπ’” 𝒃𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒆 π’Šπ’• π’Šπ’” 𝒏𝒐𝒕 π’‘π’†π’“π’Žπ’Šπ’”π’”π’‚π’ƒπ’π’† 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒂 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒍 π’”π’π’Žπ’†π’•π’‰π’Šπ’π’ˆ 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 π’Šπ’” 𝒏𝒐𝒕 π’Šπ’ π’•π’‰π’†π’Šπ’“ π’‘π’π’”π’”π’†π’”π’”π’Šπ’π’. π‘¬π’’π’–π’‚π’π’π’š, π’Šπ’• π’Šπ’” 𝒏𝒐𝒕 π’‘π’†π’“π’Žπ’Šπ’”π’”π’ƒπ’π’† 𝒇𝒐𝒓 π’”π’π’Žπ’†π’π’π’† 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒍 π’˜π’‰π’‚π’• π’•π’‰π’†π’š 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 π’ƒπ’π’–π’ˆπ’‰π’• π’–π’π’•π’Šπ’ π’•π’‰π’†π’š 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 π’•π’‚π’Œπ’†π’ π’‘π’π’”π’”π’†π’”π’”π’Šπ’π’ 𝒐𝒇 π’Šπ’• 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 π’Šπ’• π’‘π’‰π’šπ’”π’Šπ’„π’‚π’π’π’š π’Šπ’ π’•π’‰π’†π’Šπ’“ π’†π’π’—π’Šπ’“π’π’π’Žπ’†π’π’•/π’˜π’π’“π’Œπ’‘π’π’‚π’„π’† 𝒐𝒓 π’‰π’π’Žπ’†


It was narrated that Hakeem ibn Hizaam (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I came to the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) and said: A man may come to me wanting to buy something that I do not possess; should I buy it for him from the marketplace then sell it to him? He said: β€œDo not sell that which you do not possess.”
Narrated by at-Tirmidhi, 1232; an-Nasaa’i, 4613; Abu Dawood, 3503, Ibn Maajah, 2187, Ahmad, 14887. Classed as saheeh by al-Albani in Irwa’ al-Ghaleel, 1292.


𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒉𝒆𝒕 π‘΄π’–π’‰π’‚π’Žπ’Žπ’‚π’… 𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒉𝒖 π’‚π’π’‚π’šπ’‰π’Š π’˜π’‚ π’”π’‚π’π’‚π’Ž 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 π’†π’π’„π’π’–π’“π’‚π’ˆπ’† 𝒑𝒆𝒐𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒃𝒆 𝒕𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒕, π’†π’‚π’”π’š-π’ˆπ’π’Šπ’π’ˆ & π’ˆπ’†π’π’†π’“π’π’–π’” π’Šπ’ 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒆 (π’ƒπ’–π’šπ’Šπ’π’ˆ & π’”π’†π’π’π’Šπ’π’ˆ)
It was narrated from Jaabir ibn β€˜Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: β€œMay Allah have mercy upon a man who is easy-going when he sells and when he buys and when he asks for payment.”
Al-Bukhari (1970) 


𝑯𝒆 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 π’–π’“π’ˆπ’† 𝒑𝒆𝒐𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒍𝒆𝒕 𝒂 π’ƒπ’–π’šπ’†π’“ 𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒍 𝒂 π’•π’“π’‚π’π’”π’‚π’„π’•π’Šπ’π’ π’Šπ’‡ 𝒉𝒆 π’“π’†π’ˆπ’“π’†π’•π’” π’Šπ’• 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒉𝒂𝒏’𝑨𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒉
It was narrated that Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: β€œWhoever lets a Muslim off (a transaction), Allah will relieve him of his distress on the Day of Resurrection.”
Narrated by Abu Dawood (3460) and Ibn Maajah (2199); classed as saheeh by al-Albani in Saheeh Abi Dawood


π‘»π’‰π’Šπ’” π’˜π’‚π’” 𝒂𝒏 π’Šπ’π’…π’Šπ’„π’‚π’•π’Šπ’π’ 𝒐𝒇 π’‰π’π’˜ 𝑯𝒆 π’•π’‚π’–π’ˆπ’‰π’• π‘―π’Šπ’” π’‡π’π’π’π’π’˜π’†π’“π’” 𝒂𝒏𝒅 π’…π’Šπ’”π’‘π’π’‚π’šπ’†π’… π‘―π’Šπ’” π’ˆπ’π’π’… 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒓, π’ˆπ’†π’π’†π’“π’π’”π’Šπ’•π’š 𝒂𝒏𝒅 π’†π’‚π’”π’š-π’ˆπ’π’Šπ’π’ˆ π’˜π’‚π’šπ’”. 𝑹𝒂𝒉𝒔𝒖𝒍 𝑨𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒉𝒖 π’‚π’π’‚π’šπ’‰π’Š π’˜π’‚ π’”π’‚π’π’‚π’Ž 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 π’†π’π’‹π’π’Šπ’ 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒃𝒆 π’“π’Šπ’ˆπ’‰π’•π’†π’π’–π’” 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒉𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒐 π’ˆπ’Šπ’—π’† π’„π’‰π’‚π’“π’Šπ’•π’š.
It was narrated that Hakeem ibn Hizaam (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: β€œThe two parties to a transaction have the option (of cancelling it) until they part. If they are honest and disclose any defects, their transaction will be blessed, but if they lie and conceal defects the blessing of their transaction will be erased.” 
Narrated by al-Bukhari (1973) and Muslim (1532). 


𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒉𝒆𝒕 𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒉𝒖 π’‚π’π’‚π’šπ’‰π’Š π’˜π’‚ π’”π’‚π’π’‚π’Ž π’–π’“π’ˆπ’†π’… 𝒑𝒆𝒐𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒕𝒐 π’ˆπ’Šπ’—π’† 𝒂 π’π’Šπ’•π’•π’π’† π’Žπ’π’“π’† π’˜π’‰π’†π’ π’˜π’†π’Šπ’ˆπ’‰π’Šπ’π’ˆ 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒆.
It was narrated that Suwayd ibn Qays said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) saw a man who weighed things for a fee and the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said to him: β€œWeigh and give a little more.” 


𝑨𝒏𝒅 𝑯𝒆 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 π’†π’π’„π’π’–π’“π’‚π’ˆπ’† 𝒑𝒆𝒐𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒕𝒐 π’ˆπ’Šπ’—π’† π’Žπ’π’“π’† π’•π’Šπ’Žπ’† 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒃𝒕𝒐𝒓 π’˜π’‰π’ π’Šπ’” π’Šπ’ π’‡π’Šπ’π’‚π’π’„π’Šπ’‚π’ π’…π’Šπ’‡π’‡π’Šπ’„π’–π’π’•π’š, 𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒐 π’˜π’‚π’Šπ’—π’† 𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒃𝒕 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒉𝒂𝒏’𝑨𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒉. 
It was narrated that Abu’l-Yasar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: β€œWhoever waits for one who is in (financial) difficulty (to pay a debt) or waives it for him, Allah will shade him in His shade.” 
Narrated by Muslim (3006) 


𝑻𝒉𝒆 π’Šπ’Žπ’‘π’π’“π’•π’‚π’π’„π’† 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒂𝒅𝒂𝒒𝒂𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒅 π’Šπ’ π’‘π’‚π’“π’•π’Šπ’„π’–π’π’‚π’“, π’›π’‚π’Œπ’‚π’•, π’˜π’‰π’†π’ π’„π’π’π’…π’–π’„π’•π’Šπ’π’ˆ 𝒂 π’ƒπ’–π’”π’Šπ’π’†π’”π’” π’Šπ’” 𝒔𝒐 π’Šπ’Žπ’‘π’π’“π’•π’‚π’π’• 𝒂𝒔 𝑨𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒂 π’˜π’‚ 𝒕’𝒂𝒍𝒂 π’Žπ’‚π’…π’† π’Šπ’• 𝒂 π’‘π’–π’“π’Šπ’‡π’Šπ’„π’‚π’•π’Šπ’π’ 𝒐𝒇 π’˜π’†π’‚π’π’•π’‰ 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒖𝒔.
Al-Bukhari (1404) narrated that Khalid ibn Aslam said: We went out with β€˜Abd-Allah ibn β€˜Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and a Bedouin said: Tell me about the words of Allah, β€œAnd those who hoard up gold and silver (Al‑Kanz: the money, the Zakah of which has not been paid) and spend them not in the way of Allah”. Ibn β€˜Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The one who hoards them and does not pay zakah on them, woe to him. That was before zakah was revealed; when it was revealed, Allah made it a purification of wealth. 


Maalik narrated in al-Muwatta’ (595) that β€˜Abd-Allah ibn Dinar said: I heard β€˜Abd-Allah ibn β€˜Umar when he was asked about kanz – what is it? He said: It is wealth on which zakah is not paid. 

Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): 
β€œAnd those who hoard up gold and silver (Al‑Kanz: the money, the Zakah of which has not been paid) and spend them not in the way of Allah, announce unto them a painful torment”
[al-Tawbah 9:34]


Abu Dawood (1564) narrated from Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: β€œThat which reaches the level where zakah is to be paid and its zakah is paid, is not kanz (hoarded wealth).” 
Classed as hasan by al-Albani in Saheeh Abi Dawood. 

𝑰𝒕 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅 𝒃𝒆 𝒏𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 π’Šπ’” 𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 π’Œπ’Šπ’π’… 𝒐𝒇 π’•π’“π’‚π’π’”π’‚π’„π’•π’Šπ’π’ π’“π’†π’ˆπ’‚π’“π’…π’Šπ’π’ˆ π’•π’‰π’Šπ’” π’•π’π’‘π’Šπ’„ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 π’•π’‰π’Šπ’” π’Šπ’” 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 ‘π’”π’‚π’π’‚π’Ž π’•π’“π’‚π’π’”π’‚π’„π’•π’Šπ’π’’. 𝑰𝒕 π’˜π’‚π’” 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝑰 𝒉𝒂𝒅 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒓 π’„π’π’Žπ’† 𝒂𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝒃𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒃𝒖𝒕 π’Šπ’• π’˜π’‚π’” π’ƒπ’“π’π’–π’ˆπ’‰π’• 𝒕𝒐 π’Žπ’š π’‚π’•π’•π’†π’π’•π’Šπ’π’ π’ƒπ’š 𝒂 π’”π’Šπ’”π’•π’†π’“ 𝒐𝒏 π‘°π’π’”π’•π’‚π’ˆπ’“π’‚π’Ž π’˜π’‰π’ π’•π’‚π’Œπ’†π’” 𝒑𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒓 π’‹π’Šπ’π’ƒπ’‚π’ƒπ’”. π‘¨π’π’‰π’‚π’Žπ’…π’–π’π’Šπ’π’‚π’‚π’‰ ‘𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒆’ 𝒉𝒂𝒔 π’π’π’˜ π’ƒπ’†π’„π’π’Žπ’† 𝒂 π’Žπ’π’“π’† π’‡π’‚π’”π’„π’Šπ’π’‚π’•π’Šπ’π’ˆ π’•π’π’‘π’Šπ’„ 𝒇𝒐𝒓 π’Žπ’† 𝒂𝒔 𝑰 𝒂𝒏𝒅 π’˜π’†, 𝒂𝒔 π‘΄π’–π’”π’π’Šπ’Žπ’”, 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅 π’‚π’π’˜π’‚π’šπ’” 𝒃𝒆 π’”π’†π’†π’Œπ’Šπ’π’ˆ π’Œπ’π’π’˜π’π’†π’…π’ˆπ’†. 𝑰 𝒅𝒐 𝒏𝒐𝒕 π’„π’π’‚π’Šπ’Ž 𝒕𝒐 𝒃𝒆 𝒂 𝒔𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 π’Œπ’π’π’˜π’π’†π’…π’ˆπ’† 𝒏𝒐𝒓 𝒅𝒐 𝑰 π’„π’π’‚π’Šπ’Ž π’‚π’π’š π’•π’Šπ’•π’π’† π’Šπ’ 𝒕𝒉𝒆 π’˜π’‚π’š 𝒐𝒇 π’…π’‚π’˜π’‚π’‰ 𝒆𝒕𝒄. 𝑰 π’‚π’Ž π’”π’Šπ’Žπ’‘π’π’š π’π’Šπ’—π’Šπ’π’ˆ, π’π’†π’‚π’“π’π’Šπ’π’ˆ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 π’”π’‰π’‚π’“π’Šπ’π’ˆ & 𝒂𝒔 π’˜π’† π’Œπ’π’π’˜, π’˜π’† 𝒂𝒍𝒍 π’Žπ’‚π’Œπ’† π’Žπ’Šπ’”π’•π’‚π’Œπ’†π’” 𝒔𝒐 𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆 π’‡π’π’“π’ˆπ’Šπ’—π’† π’Žπ’† 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒏𝒐𝒕 π’‰π’‚π’—π’Šπ’π’ˆ π’Œπ’π’π’˜π’ & π’Šπ’π’„π’π’–π’…π’†π’… π’•π’‰π’Šπ’” π’Šπ’π’‡π’π’“π’Žπ’‚π’•π’Šπ’π’ π’‘π’“π’Šπ’π’“ 𝒕𝒐 π’‘π’π’”π’•π’Šπ’π’ˆ 𝒕𝒉𝒆 π’ƒπ’π’π’ˆ.

Regarding a ‘salam transaction’, it is one which allows trade in which payments are made in advance, without items being in the possession of the one selling. There are, however, strict conditions laid out for such transactions such as; the sold item must be a specified quantity, weight or measure. This is according to the meaning of the hadith:

It was narrated that Ibn β€˜Abbaas (may Allah be pleased with him) said:  When the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) came to Madinah, they used to pay two or three years in advance for dates. He said: β€œWhoever pays for anything in advance, let him pay in advance for a specified measure and a specified weight, to be delivered at a specified time.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (2240) and Muslim (1604)

𝑰𝒕 π’Šπ’” 𝒏𝒐𝒕 π’‘π’†π’“π’Žπ’Šπ’”π’”π’‚π’ƒπ’π’† 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒍 π’”π’π’Žπ’†π’•π’‰π’Šπ’π’ˆ 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 π’šπ’π’– 𝒅𝒐 𝒏𝒐𝒕 π’šπ’†π’• 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 π’Šπ’ π’šπ’π’–π’“ π’‘π’π’”π’”π’†π’”π’”π’Šπ’π’ 𝒃𝒖𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒆 π’”π’π’π’–π’•π’Šπ’π’π’” 𝒕𝒐 π’•π’‰π’Šπ’”. 𝑢𝒏𝒆 π’ƒπ’†π’Šπ’π’ˆ:
“There is also a permissible way, which is the ‘salam transaction’. This means selling to the customer an item that is clearly described and defined, in such a way that there can be no cause for dispute, which you commit to delivering to them at a specified time, on condition that you receive the money from them when drawing up the contract with him, even if that is by them depositing it in your account, because that is the same as receiving it in your hand, in terms of the ruling.
As for the ‘salam transaction’, the condition for it being permissible is that you should take the price in full at the time of drawing up the contract.

Imaam Ash-Shaafi’i, may Allah have mercy on him, said: β€œThe transaction of the salam is not valid, except when the price is paid in advance and before the two parties (the seller and the buyer) leave the place where they have concluded the transaction. Besides, if the price of the sold item is not paid at the time of concluding the contract, it will be regarded as selling a debt for a debt, which is impermissible.”

There is more to this topic and Allahu a’lam – it is a matter of fiqh so it is best to research it for one’s self (I am certainly going to!), and may Allah forgive me for any errors on my part aameen.


π‘΄π’‚π’š 𝑨𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒉 π’‘π’–π’“π’Šπ’‡π’š 𝒐𝒖𝒓 π’˜π’†π’‚π’π’•π’‰, π’ˆπ’“π’‚π’π’• 𝒖𝒔 𝒂𝒍𝒍 π’Œπ’‰π’‚π’šπ’“ (π’ˆπ’π’π’…π’π’†π’”π’”) π’Šπ’ 𝒂𝒍𝒍 π’˜π’† 𝒅𝒐 & π’Žπ’‚π’š π’˜π’† 𝒃𝒆 π’‚π’Žπ’π’π’ˆπ’”π’• 𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒔𝒆 π’˜π’‰π’ π’•π’“π’–π’π’š π’‡π’π’π’π’π’˜ 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑺𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒂𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 π’‡π’Šπ’π’‚π’ π’Žπ’†π’”π’”π’†π’π’ˆπ’†π’“ 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒉𝒖 π’‚π’π’‚π’šπ’‰π’Š π’˜π’‚ π’”π’‚π’π’‚π’Ž. π‘΄π’‚π’š 𝑨𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝒑𝒖𝒕 π’ƒπ’‚π’“π’‚π’Œπ’‚π’• π’Šπ’ 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒅𝒆𝒆𝒅𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒆 & π’‡π’Šπ’π’… 𝒖𝒔 π’”π’Šπ’π’„π’†π’“π’† π’Šπ’ π’†π’—π’†π’“π’š π’•π’“π’‚π’π’”π’‚π’„π’•π’Šπ’π’ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 π’‡π’π’“π’ˆπ’Šπ’—π’† π’‚π’π’š 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒖𝒓 π’”π’‰π’π’“π’•π’„π’π’Žπ’Šπ’π’ˆπ’”. π‘¨π’‚π’Žπ’†π’†π’  


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